Comparative Analysis of Port Logistics between the Ports of Guayaquil and Posorja in Ecuador

Ecuador's maritime trade has been significantly influenced by the development of two major ports: Guayaquil and Posorja. While Guayaquil remains the country's primary port due to its long-established infrastructure, Posorja has emerged as a strong competitor thanks to its modern facilities and strategic location in the Pacific Ocean. With a natural draft of 16 meters, Posorja has attracted large vessels, particularly Neo-Panamax ships, positioning itself as a key rival to Guayaquil's ports, which face operational challenges due to their limited draft and continuous dredging requirements. This analysis highlights the logistical advantages of Posorja, including its ability to receive large vessels without draft restrictions, thereby optimizing trade routes and reducing logistical costs. In contrast, Guayaquil's ports continue to manage over 85% of the country's imports and exports, making them vital to Ecuador’s foreign trade. However, dredging needs and terminal congestion have limited their competitiveness. The study underscores the importance for both ports to implement strategies focused on digitalization, process optimization, and environmental sustainability. The coexistence of both ports could enhance Ecuador's logistical efficiency, provided that a balance is maintained between economic development and environmental protection.