Case Report and Literature Review of “Treatment Failure” of Aspergillus Infection Secondary to Influenza a Virus

Peikun Teng,1 Yuzhan Liu,1 Xingyu Zhang,2 Nianxu Luan,1 Xiudi Han,1 Xuedong Liu1 1Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Qingdao Hospital, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences (Qingdao Municipal Hospital), Qingdao, 266000, People’s Republic of China; 2Human Resources Department, Qingdao Hospital, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences (Qingdao Municipal Hospital), Qingdao, 266000, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Xuedong Liu; Xiudi Han, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Qingdao Hospital, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences (Qingdao Municipal Hospital), Qingdao, 266000, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86-18661678256 ; +86-15315002781, Email [email protected]; [email protected]: Increased clinical manifestations combined with increased lung imaging findings during antifungal therapy are often misjudged as failure of antifungal therapy, and should be vigilant against immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome.Case: We describes a case of invasive pulmonary Aspergillus infection after Influenza A Virus (IAV). After active antifungal therapy, the patient’s clinical symptoms continued to worsen, imaging lesions continued to progress, laboratory indicators improved, and immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome was considered.Conclusion: The clinical characteristics and treatment process of this case were summarized, and related literature search was carried out, in order to provide a new perspective for the treatment failure of fungal infection in the future, and to avoid the random change of antifungal drugs, which may lead to the increase of drug resistance.Keywords: Aspergillus infection, influenza A virus, immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome