Budget Impact and Cost–Benefit Analyses of Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitors for Patients With Heart Failure in Thailand

Poukwan Arunmanakul,1,2 Tuangrat Phodha,3,* Sakkarin Pinta-ay,1,4 Mantiwee Nimworapan,1,2 Arintaya Phrommintikul,5 Noppakun Thammatacharee,6 Piyameth Dilokthornsakul1,* 1Center for Medical and Health Technology Assessment (CM-HTA), Department of Pharmaceutical Care, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand; 2Pharmaceutical Care Training Center (PCTC), Department of Pharmaceutical Care, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand; 3Drug Information and Consumer Protection Center, Center of Excellence in Pharmacy Practice and Management Research, Faculty of Pharmacy, Thammasat University, Rangsit Campus, Pathum Thani, Thailand; 4Department of Pharmacy, Maharaj Nakorn Chiang Mai Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand; 5Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand; 6Health Systems Research Institute, Nonthaburi, Thailand*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Tuangrat Phodha, Drug Information and Consumer Protection Center, Center of Excellence in Pharmacy Practice and Management Research, Faculty of Pharmacy, Thammasat University, Rangsit Campus, Pathum Thani, 99 Paholyothin Road, Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang District, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand, Tel +66 2 986 9214, Email [email protected] Piyameth Dilokthornsakul, Center for Medical and Health Technology Assessment (CM-HTA), Department of Pharmaceutical Care, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, 239 Suthep, Mueang, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand, Tel +66 53 944 342, Email [email protected]: To assess the budget impact and cost–benefit of incorporating sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT-2i) into the benefit package for patients with heart failure (HF) under the universal health coverage (UHC) in Thailand.Patients and Methods: A budget impact analysis and cost–benefit model were developed using a five-year time horizon from the payer perspective. Dapagliflozin 10 mg daily or Empagliflozin 10 mg daily was considered as an additional treatment to standard of care (SoC) for patients with HF, under the UHC. Two analytical frameworks were applied: (1) only medicine cost and (2) medicine cost and cost of hospitalization for HF (HHF) and urinary tract infection (UTI) admission as the adverse event of SGLT-2i. The net budget impacts (NBI) were calculated along with the HHF cost reduction and benefit–cost ratio.Results: The NBI in the first year in only medicine cost for dapagliflozin was 12,535 million Thai baht (THB) and that for empagliflozin was 13,265 million THB. The NBIs, when considering HHF and UTI admission costs, were 7661 and 7407 million THB in the first year. The prices of dapagliflozin and empagliflozin should be reduced by 57.13% and 52.07% to reach a budget impact of 500 million THB. The benefit–cost ratio was 0.396 for dapagliflozin and 0.456 for empagliflozin.Conclusion: Incorporating SGLT-2i into the UHC would significantly impact the healthcare budget. Policymakers should consider this valuable evidence.Keywords: budget impact, heart failure, reimbursement, sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors, cost–benefit analysis