Analyzing the impact of shifting between Presidential, Parliamentary and Hybrid clan federal parliamentary Systems on Political Stability in Somalia

This research investigates the impact of shifting governance systems on political stability in Somalia, focusing on three models: Presidential, Parliamentary, and Hybrid Clan Federal Parliamentary. The study aims to determine which governance system offers the most enduring stability by analyzing each model's influence on Somalia's political landscape from 1960 to 2024. Utilizing a comparative historical analysis approach, the research evaluates how each system manages clan dynamics and contributes to stability or instability. The findings indicate that while the Parliamentary system (1960–1969) promoted inclusivity, it lacked strong institutional mechanisms to manage clan tensions, leading to frequent political shifts. The Presidential system (1969–1991) centralized power but failed to accommodate clan representation, resulting in increased instability and the eventual collapse of governance. In contrast, the Hybrid Clan Federal Parliamentary system (2012–present) has combined elements of centralized and decentralized governance, demonstrating greater effectiveness in addressing clan-related challenges and enhancing political stability. This study provides new insights into the relationship between governance models and political stability in clan-based societies, highlighting the significance of power-sharing mechanisms. It also emphasizes the role of external interventions in shaping governance outcomes, as international efforts have influenced Somalia’s political landscape. The research underscores the necessity of balancing traditional clan structures with formal governance institutions to foster sustainable political stability. The findings contribute to discussions on governance in fragile states, offering policy recommendations for structuring governance systems that accommodate both local political dynamics and broader state-building efforts.