Ai decision making and criminal law execution: Is ai compliant with safety and inmates’ re-socialization?

The execution of criminal judgements represents a crucial phase in the penal system, where the objectives of punitive justice and offender rehabilitation materialize. In recent years, however, the increasing complexity of prison management and the demand for greater efficiency in public administration have driven interest toward the integration of Artificial Intelligence technologies into the penal execution process. This paper investigates the intersection between AI, criminal law execution, and the rehabilitative aims of punishment. While AI holds potential for optimizing prison operations —through predictive analytics, behavioral monitoring, and improved resource allocatio — its application raises significant legal, ethical, and operational concerns. Core issues include the transparency of algorithms, the risk of discrimination, and the potential erosion of fundamental rights. The question at the heart of this research is whether AI-driven decision-making is compatible with public safety and with the constitutional and humanistic goal of inmate rehabilitation.