СИСТЕМА СТРИМУВАНЬ І ПРОТИВАГ У ПРЕЗИДЕНТСЬКІЙ РЕСПУБЛІЦІ

The article examines the system of checks and balances in a presidential republic, which ensures the balance of power and prevents its usurpation. Presidential republics exist in the United States, many countries of Latin America, Africa, South Korea, the Philippines, and some former Soviet republics – Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan. The article analyzes the elements of the system of checks and balances in the classical presidential form of republican government: the presidential veto, the legislative powers of the parliament, the role of the judiciary in constitutional control, as well as the impact of impeachment mechanisms and the possibility of parliamentary investigation of the executive branch. The system of checks and balances in the United States differs from other presidential republics. In these countries, the separation of powers is violated. The president is officially and unofficially vested with superpresidential powers. For example, the president is vested with the right of legislative initiative and the right to dissolve the parliament. The article emphasizes that the effectiveness of the system of checks and balances depends not only on the formal legal mechanisms enshrined in the constitution, but also on the political culture, the level of civic awareness and democratic traditions of society. The results of the study show that in order to ensure the stable functioning of a democratic regime in a presidential republic, it is necessary not only to comply with the formal norms of separation of powers, but also to develop political institutions that promote a balanced separation of powers and prevent the concentration of power in one hand. The author offers recommendations on how to improve this system in modern presidential republics, including the need to strengthen the independence of the judiciary, increase the accountability of the executive branch and create effective mechanisms of parliamentary control.