Роль парламенту в системі урядування: теоретико-правові аспекти

The article outlines the main functions of legislative bodies and proposes a model of parliament that differs from the traditional presidential-hybrid parliamentary model. The purpose of the article is to research at the theoretical and legal level the specific features of the content and organizational forms and ways of improving the functioning of Parliament as the highest institution of legislative power in the country. The author analyzes the determinants of the level of capacity and influence of parliament, namely: political and electoral systems; formal parliamentary powers; political will and political space; technical capacity of parliaments. An attempt is made to define the role of parliament in government formation. Models of legislative bodies are presented, depending on the powers and influence they have on the executive branch. Some factors affecting the relative power of the legislature and mechanisms for strengthening the power of parliament are described. The study uses analytical, structural-functional, comparative legal, legal-dogmatic, and hermeneutical research methods. In conclusion, the main functions of parliaments are representation, lawmaking and oversight. Parliaments can be classified according to a number of models, from the «stamping out» of laws to the transformation and development models. Criteria for the growth of parliamentary power and influence include the type of political and electoral systems, formal powers, political leaders’ desire to exercise power, political will and political space, and their technical capacities. The ways in which they try to increase their effectiveness include organizing the modernization of their institution by creating multi-party governments, expanding formal powers, more efficient use of opportunities and resources, expanding communication with the public and professional training of members of parliament and staff, and involving the expert community in the development and analysis of decisions.