Окремі аспекти застосування економічних та політичних санкцій у Європейському Союзі

The article is devoted to a comprehensive analysis of economic and political sanctions in the European Union. Drawing on scholarly works, it examines the legal foundations, implementation mechanisms, and primary challenges associated with these sanction instruments, which serve as a means of EU foreign policy influence. In this context, particular emphasis is placed on their importance in maintaining peace, promoting democratic principles, and protecting human rights. The focus is on comparing sanction pressure with economic crises and assessing the consequences for target countries. It underscores the multi-tiered nature of the Council’s decision-making procedures, which require unanimity among EU member states and fall under the jurisdiction of the Court of Justice of the European Union. At the same time, this mechanism highlights the significance of coordinated action among all institutions and member states to ensure sanctions achieve the desired impact and do not lead to unpredictable consequences. The article also addresses the conflict of competencies between the EU and the UN, triggered by differences in sanction policies and priorities. This discrepancy underlines the need for careful coordination at the international level. Moreover, sanctions can have a reciprocal impact, potentially harming not only the target states but also the initiators, as they stimulate domestic development while simultaneously weakening international trade. As a result, a balanced approach that considers both geopolitical and economic risks is required. Given these complexities, an important aspect of the analysis involves the necessity for coordinated legal regulation aimed at enhancing coordination and oversight. Special attention is paid to the role of scientific research in shaping effective sanction strategies, which enable the development of more flexible approaches to influencing target countries. An in-depth analysis is thus crucial for the proper application of sanctions. Furthermore, continued study of the economic dimensions will contribute to more flexible and targeted instruments of influence. Sanctions play a key role in the EU’s foreign policy, but their effectiveness largely depends on coordinated efforts and the capacity to respond swiftly to shifts in the international environment.