Зв’язок антропології, історії та політики у філософії Макса Шелера

The article deals with the interrelationship of different teachings about man and the corresponding concepts of human history, which Max Scheler reveals in the work “Man and History”. According to him, there are currently five conceptions of history based on relevant anthropologies:1. Christian-Jewish tradition.2. Classical humanistic concept of man.3. Modern positivist teaching about man.4. Vitalistic panromanticism.5. Postulate atheism.From the understanding of history follows our assessment of the present, as well as the idea of the immediate future. In the work “The Man in the Age of General Equalization”, Max Scheler writes that humanity stands on the threshold of the age of general equalization, which has different dimensions:1. Equalization of races.2. Re-sublimation, or equalization of life and spirit.3. Equalization of male and female.4. Equalization of Europe and Asian cultures.5. Political and economic equalization within Europe itself.According to Max Scheler, the age of equalization of all aspects of human life is more dangerous than the era of accumulation and growth of human forces. The fate of humanity depends on exactly how this equalization will be directed.Max Scheler’s assessments of the political situation in Europe at the beginning of the 20th century, which are based on his philosophical anthropology and philosophy of history, are sometimes striking with their naivety and shortsightedness. For example, his lack of understanding of the horrors of Italian fascism, German Nazism and Russian Bolshevism, which were born at that time. Nevertheless, at the same time some of his predictions of the future historical and political development of humanity turned out to be extremely accurate.