Інтенсивність, емісія СО2 та біологічна активність дренованих органогенних ґрунтів залежно від способів їхнього використання за умов змін клімату

The process of mineralization of peatlands in the conditions of the humid zone of Ukraine is an important ecological indicator that affects the emission of carbon dioxide and is therefore an extremely important factor, taking into account which, the choice of the method of their use, the selection of crops in crop rotation and the implementation of the main soil cultivation should be carried out. The area of organic soils in Ukraine is about 1 million/ha, which is an important component of the cycle of carbon dioxide in nature, and with large indicators of its emission, it is possible to influence the change. It was found, that in the conditions of drained organic soils, the intensity of CO2 emission, as a rule, significantly depended on soil moisture. Both overdrying of the soil and its overmoistening have a negative effect on the biological activity of the soil, the optimal conditions of which are at ground water levels of 60–120 cm from the soil surface. Scientific studies have revealed that the release of CO2 and the decomposition of flax tissue (by the application method) on different crops in crop rotation under different systems of mineral fertilization significantly affect mineralization and depend on the methods of using drained organic soils. Studies have revealed that the processes of biological activity of drained organic soils and the decomposition of linen cloth in the 0–30 cm layer of the soil have a direct connection and affect the release of carbon dioxide from the soil, which in turn changes the formation of the nutrient regime of the soil and the productivity of agricultural crops. Based on the results of scientific research, it was established that the methods of using drained organic soils significantly affect the intensity of peatland mineralization and the emission of CO2 from the soil. The use of drained organic soils for calcification of perennial grass mixtures helps to reduce the intensity of mineralization of organic matter in peatlands by 21–53%. Such measures affect the preservation of organic soils, contribute to the reduction of excess release of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, and the amount of decomposition products of organic matter decreases, which leads to a decrease in leaching and pollution of river and soil waters by biogenic substances.