TopDogEngine : A single-file 3D game prototyping framework

This paper presents the design and evaluation of TopDogEngine (TDE), a single-header C++ framework for prototyping and educational use in 3D graphics programming. Using the Design Science Research Methodology (DSRM), we developed a lightweight 3D rendering engine that makes use of the Vulkan API to provide low-level control, while reducing setup complexity. The Vulkan API is essential for 3D graphic rendering with the low-level control we desire.Evaluation was conducted through a series of user tests and cognitive walkthroughs. We also compared the capabilities of TDE against a defined checklist of essential realtime 3D rendering engine functionalities. The results demonstrate that TDE offers a balance between accessibility and low level control for 3D graphics. They also highlight the need for documentation and onboarding materials. We conclude that TDE is a viable educational and prototyping tool that offers a practical entry point into low-level 3D graphics programming.