Summary of Levels of personalization in passenger information systems in public transport

Providing relevant information to passengers is essential for the functioning of the public transport system.With the digitalization of passenger information systems (PIS), passengers currently have access to largeamounts of information. To avoid cognitive overload among passengers, public transport systems experimentwith applying personalization to PIS, allowing for the provision of tailored information according tothe needs and desires of passengers. Notwithstanding, systematic definitions and guidelines for designingpersonalized PIS in public transport are currently lacking. We, therefore, introduce a framework for assessingthe personalization levels of PIS, to close the gap between theoretical conceptualizations and practicalimplementations of PIS. Our framework defines five levels of personalization, which are substantiated by areview of 40 papers focusing on personalization in PIS.