SELÜLOZ NANOLİFLERİNİN (CNF) VE SELÜLOZ NANOKRİSTALLERİNİN (CNC) GERİ DÖNÜŞTÜRÜLMÜŞ GAZETE KAĞIDININ MEKANİK, OPTİK VE YÜZEY ÖZELLİKLERİNİ İYİLEŞTİRMEDE YÜKSEK PERFORMANSLI DOLGU MALZEMELERİ OLARAK KULLANIMI

The increasing focus on sustainability and waste reduction has led to significant interest in recycling paper products. This study investigates the use of two types of nanocellulose (CNF and CNC) as filler materials in the production of recycled newspaper. The aim is to evaluate the effects of these nanocelluloses on the mechanical, optical, and surface properties of the recycled newspaper (ONP). Mechanical properties such as tensile strength, burst strength, and tear resistance were measured to determine the material’s durability. Optical properties, including brightness, whiteness, and yellowness, were assessed to understand the aesthetic quality of the recycled paper. Surface roughness values (Ra, Rz, Rq) were also analyzed to evaluate the surface quality, which is essential for printability. The results show that CNF significantly improved the tensile and tear strengths, as well as reduced the yellowness, making the paper more visually appealing. CNC, on the other hand, demonstrated a notable enhancement in burst strength but had a less pronounced effect on other properties. This study demonstrates that nanocellulose, particularly CNF, is a promising additive for improving specific mechanical and optical characteristics of recycled newspaper, making it more suitable for various applications