Representación de los campesinos en el libro de texto gratuito de tercer año de primaria de 1960

The analysis of free textbooks from their creation to the present time is a topic of great relevance because they show us a vision of the reality of each era or government through their pages; that is, they can be considered as objects of social, ideological and pedagogical power, as well as sources of knowledge. In the case of History books, which show a vision from the victors and heroes, the groups that helped build the nation-State are forgotten, that is, the “common” groups, the least benefited social groups, which have been studied from the so-called “history from below”, which is why in this work they will be approached from Social History, focusing on subaltern groups (peasants), as those who–with their contributions, work and even resistance–managed to ensure that history was written and continues to be written to this day. So far, the form of representation that they have and the little visibility that they have had in the processes of formation of the nation-State have been identified in the free textbooks graphically and within the text. To address the concept of representation I will return to the proposal of Roger Chartier, who refers to it as a flexible category that has multiple and different meanings, with varied uses, and can even be considered as an analysis tool. The free textbook, through its speech, exerts influence that allows identity to be formed in society.