The role of parental support and pressure on athletic success: an exploratory study on youth athletes' development

Introduction: Parental involvement plays a pivotal role in shaping the athletic development and psychological well-being of young athletes. While support can enhance motivation and performance, excessive pressure may lead to anxiety and emotional distress. Understanding this dynamic is essential in promoting healthy youth sports experiences. Objectives: This study aimed to explore the dual impact of parental support and pressure on the performance and psychological state of young athletes, with particular attention to differences across gender and socioeconomic status. Methodology: A mixed-method approach employed, combining quantitative data collected from 100 young athletes through validated Likert-scale questionnaires, and qualitative insights gathered via semi-structured interviews. Statistical analyses included independent T-tests and ANOVA to examine group differences, while thematic content analysis conducted on interview responses to identify recurring emotional and cognitive themes. Discussion: Quantitative findings revealed significant differences in perceptions of parental support and pressure across gender and income groups. Male athletes reported higher levels of perceived support, while female athletes expressed greater emotional strain. Qualitative analysis identified key themes such as emotional reinforcement, conditional approval, and performance-related anxiety. Many athletes noted that genuine encouragement from parents increased resilience, whereas conditional praise and high expectations contributed to anxiety and decreased motivation. Conclusion: The study highlights the complex interplay between parental behavior and youth athlete development. While supportive parenting fosters confidence and persistence, perceived pressure can lead to psychological burdens. These insights underscore the need for parent education programs that promote balanced involvement, particularly in socioeconomically diverse and high-pressure athletic environments.