Qualitatively exploring inter-organizational networks within Swedish cluster organizations

This thesis investigates how connections between formal and informal networks facilitate membership growth in Swedish cluster organisations, to provide a research based foundation for traditional cluster organizations to grow nationally. In an era where regional innovation systems are increasingly complex and driven by multiple stakeholders, cluster organizations must navigate strategic growth while maintaining cohesion, legitimacy and adaptability. Existing research often treats formal governance structures and informal social relations as separate domains; however, this study argues that it is the interaction between the two that most significantly shapes organizational development. Through a qualitative research design, the study draws on interviews with key actors across multiple Swedish cluster organizations and employs a theoretical framework grounded in network theory, institutional logics and social capital theory. The findings show that formal mechanisms such as structured governance models, funding agreements and strategic plans provide necessary infrastructure and legitimacy. Yet it is informal mechanisms like trust based relationships, shared norms and unstructured interactions that enable adaptability, stakeholder alignment and long-term strategic engagement. The research contributes theoretically by refining the understanding of how bonding and bridging social capital support growth, and by showing how network and institutional structures evolve together. Practically it offers guidance for cluster managers, policymakers and members by identifying governance practices that promote resilient and adaptive growth. Key words: Cluster Organizations, networks, informal networks, formal networks, membership growth, governance.