Power Politics and Nuclear Weapons: A Geopolitical Analysis of Iran’s Nuclear Program

Abstract Iran's nuclear program has long been a central concern in global security, influencing both regional power dynamics and international relations. This paper examines how geopolitical factors shape Iran's pursuit of nuclear technology, particularly in relation to its national security, regional dominance, and diplomatic leverage. While Iran’s nuclear ambitions are often analyzed in isolation, this study situates them within the context of the evolving global power landscape, particularly the rise of China and the perceived decline of U.S. influence. The paper argues that Iran’s nuclear program functions as both a defensive measure and a strategic tool in power politics, serving to bolster its sovereignty, deter external threats, and assert itself as a key regional player. By exploring the historical motivations, security concerns, and interactions with global powers such as the U.S., Israel, Russia, and China, the study highlights the multifaceted role of Iran's nuclear ambitions in shaping its foreign policy. Through qualitative analysis, including historical review and expert interviews, the paper provides a comprehensive understanding of how Iran’s nuclear strategy is intertwined with broader geopolitical goals. It further explores the implications for international security, nuclear proliferation, and the shifting geopolitical order. This research contributes to the literature on Middle Eastern geopolitics by offering insights into the strategic calculus behind Iran’s nuclear pursuits and the broader ramifications for global power dynamics and diplomacy.