Privacy-Preserving Railway Data Sharing: A Comparative Study of Homomorphic Encryption Schemes

Railway data has been acknowledged as a vital asset for analyzing and enhancing the performance of railway enterprises and their supply chain partners. Therefore, data sharing among different organizational stakeholders has become a crucial issue. However, the proprietary nature of railway internal data poses challenges for cross-organizational data sharing, making a secure and privacy-preserving solution essential. In this context, the railway industry has paid attention to homomorphic encryption. The emerging technology provides a technical foundation for railway data sharing by enabling computations on encrypted data, ensuring confidentiality and trust in data sharing processes. This paper presents an application of homomorphic encryption to support privacy-preserving railway data sharing, conducting a comparative case study based on railway mileage calculation and evaluating the performance of three HE schemes (Paillier, BFV, CKKS). The results highlight the differences between the three schemes and offer guidance for their suitable application scenarios.