The Paradox of Educational Rights in Pakistan : A Gender-Critical Case Study of Article 25-A Through Wendy Brown’s Theoretical Framework

This thesis critically examines the paradox of educational rights in Pakistan by analyzing the implementation of Article 25-A of the Constitution, which guarantees free and compulsory education for all children aged 5–16. Drawing on Wendy Brown’s critique of neoliberalism, the study explores how market-driven reforms, privatization, and state withdrawal have undermined the collective and democratic foundations of educational rights, perpetuating gender and regional exclusions. Through qualitative analysis of legal texts, policy documents, and landmark court cases, including the jurisprudence of the Sindh and Lahore High Courts, the research reveals that judicial interventions, while symbolically significant, are often constrained by institutional limitations and policy deference. The findings highlight persistent disparities in access and quality, particularly for girls and marginalized communities, and underscore the need for rights-conscious, equity-driven policy and judicial reforms. The thesis concludes by advocating for a reimagining of education as a public good and a democratic right in Pakistan.