Polyvinylidene fluoride doped with hydroxyapatite: cell growth and design of magnetoelectric stimulation

To promote tissue regeneration, functional polymer scaffolds mimicking the human extracellular matrix are in high demand. Piezoelectricity and hydrophilicity are key properties that enhance their performance. Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), known for generating surface charges under mechanical stress, is a promising material for such scaffolds. However, hydrophilicity is crucial for proper cell adhesion and growth. This study produced PVDF nanofibers via electrospinning, seeded them with cells, and analyzed their surface using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Furthermore, the scaffolds underwent cytocompatibility testing to confirm their suitability for supporting cell growth.