Performance of Prevention and Mitigation Barriers in Natech Scenarios Triggered by Cold Waves

The concern related to the interaction between natural events and industrial sites handling hazardous substances leading to Natech scenarios is rising. While current research primarily focuses on intense natural events, such as earthquakes and hurricanes, Natech events can also stem from lower-intensity events like cold waves. Even though their hazard to chemical industries is significant globally, there is a lack of attention and preventive investigations specifically addressing Natech accidents caused by cold waves. The present study emphasizes the importance of systematically examining safety aspects during cold waves, particularly focusing on safety barrier vulnerability and failure modes. Through detailed analysis, existing winterization measures are evaluated, strengths and areas for improvement are identified, and enhancements for winterizing and freeze protection programs are proposed. By addressing this knowledge gap, the study contributes to a better understanding of Natech accidents triggered by cold waves and provides essential insights to prevent similar incidents in the future.