A Multifactorial Study of Factors Influencing Self-Health Behaviors in Dementia

The global increase in dementia cases presents a significant public health challenge, particularly given the absence of a cure and the rising healthcare burden on individuals and society. This study aims to examine the influence of knowledge, beliefs, and motivation on self-health behaviors to mitigate the risk of dementia among individuals residing in the United States. With the use of an online survey, the study utilized the U.S. normed MCLHB-DRR scale and supplemental questions about knowledge of risk factors and degree of closeness to family members with dementia to determine whether (1) more closely related relatives (first-degree relatives) and those close to the affected individual (caregiver) will have greater perceived susceptibility and motivation to change lifestyle and health behaviors to reduce the risk of dementia as compared to relatives that are not as closely related and (2) an individual who is informed about the risk factors of dementia also has greater perceived susceptibility and motivation to change lifestyle and health behaviors as compared to an individual who is unaware of the connection between health behaviors and dementia. In the final sample of 173, the analysis revealed that (1) degree of closeness of relationship to an individual with dementia impacted participant perceived susceptibility, severity, and cues to action. Additionally, it was found that (2) there is a correlation between the number of correct modifiable risk factors identified and the participant’s score on the Severity subscale. However, average number of correct modifiable risk factors for dementia identified was 6.47 out of 12 factors, indicating a significant gap in education around dementia prevention for the U.S. population. These results provide significant information that may be beneficial for clinicians for psychoeducation planning, as well as customizing treatment recommendations and monitoring for patients with a higher risk for developing dementia.