La medicina regenerativa como alternativa terapéutica para enfermedades crónicas y lesiones graves: Avances, desafíos y aplicaciones clínicas

In recent years, regenerative medicine has seen remarkable progress and the emergence of new applications, as well as significant challenges. This review article aims to analyze the advances, clinical applications, and challenges in regenerative medicine to drive further development and research in this field. The research adopted a qualitative approach and followed the systematic review protocol based on the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Key advances include 3D bioprinting and cellular reprogramming, which have enabled the creation of functional tissues and organs in the laboratory, as well as the development of therapies to regenerate musculoskeletal tissues and vital organs from stem cells. Although many experimental studies on cell regeneration face challenges such as immunological compatibility and validation in terms of safety and efficacy, these studies show great potential for more effective and less invasive treatments. According to the Regenerative Medicine 2030 Report, conducted worldwide in 2023, the regenerative medicine therapy market was valued at USD 30.43 billion; and an annual growth of 16.79% is expected from 2024 to 2030. In addition, a deeper understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in organ and tissue regeneration has been achieved. The results demonstrate significant advances in regenerative medicine through the use of stem cells, platelet-rich plasma, organoids, and 3D printing, highlighting their application in the regeneration of bone, cartilage, neuronal, skin, and ocular tissue. Ethical and technical regulatory challenges are identified, such as the need for standardization, regulatory approval, and the development of safe and effective protocols for their clinical implementation. While regenerative medicine therapies are emerging as promising therapeutic alternatives for chronic diseases and serious injuries, continued interdisciplinary research is essential to advance their development and consolidate a future in which these conditions can be treated more efficiently and with less invasive methods, thus transforming medical practice