Issues and challenges of rice and chili cultivation in Bhutan: A sociological study of farming in 21st century Bhutan

Rice and chili are widely-consumed crops in Bhutan, playing important role in food self-sufficiency and security. However, domestic production of these crops is not able to meet local demand. Food crises coupled with overreliance on Indian food market has created a palpable need to bolster domestic crop cultivation. Authorities in Bhutan have identified the agriculture sector as a key area of economic development and taken considerable initiatives to support farmers. Despite this, there is no evidence that the cultivation and production of these crops is increasing. This research aimed to uncover the challenges faced by rice and chili farmers in Bhutan.