Innovative springshed management: A sustainable solution to drying springs in Bhutan and beyond

Water sources worldwide are under increasing stress, with springs, a critical component of hydrological systems, experiencing alarming rates of drying up. In Bhutan, a survey conducted by the Department of Forests and Park Services in 2021 highlighted that 25.1% of surveyed springs are drying up, posing significant challenges for rural communities that depend on them for drinking water. This study introduces "Springshed Management" as an innovative and sustainable approach to address this issue. Unlike conventional watershed management, which often overlooks the recharge areas critical to spring flow, Springshed Management emphasizes protecting and restoring these recharge zones. Through partnerships with the Tarayana Foundation, the Royal Government of Bhutan, and other stakeholders, field interventions were piloted in 11 districts, employing recharge trenches, hydrogeological mapping, and community engagement. This paper discusses the scientific basis, implementation strategies, and potential for scaling Springshed Management, offering a replicable model for mountainous regions worldwide. Ensuring the sustainability of springs is essential for water security, electricity generation, and disaster mitigation, making this approach crucial for addressing global water challenges exacerbated by climate change.