Impact of glucose and oxygen on osteochondral-synovium co-culture

Introduction There are several challenges in using ex vivo and in vitro culture models in cartilage research. Monocultures fail to replicate the complex interactions between cartilage, synovium, and subchondral bone. Additionally, glucose and oxygen levels vary significantly across studies, with no standardized protocols. This study aims to develop an ex vivo co-culture system with osteochondral and synovium tissues and investigate the impact of glucose levels in the establishment of an ex vivo joint model under different oxygen conditions. ...