Human stem cell-based embryo models: A review of ethical and governance questions

This report is concerned with ethical and governance questions arising from research involving human stem cell-based embryo models (SCBEMs).As a research tool, SCBEMs have the potential to bring public benefit through new insights around early human development.However, there is debate about their status -for example in relation to human embryosand how they should be used.The report provides an overview of the science, ethics and regulatory landscape in this new and fast-moving field.It sets out a clear road map for governance both now and in the future, whilst acknowledging areas of uncertainty.It details the considerations of the working group and the principles and rationale for how conclusions have been reached, with the aim of offering a useful resource to policymakers, scientists and research funders, and forming the basis of further discussion and decision making in this fast-moving area.SCBEM is an umbrella term for a range of structures created from stem cells which resemble or replicate aspects of embryonic development.These stem cells are derived either from embryos (embryonic stem cells -ESCs) or through the reprogramming of cells from other human tissue such as skin or blood cells (induced pluripotent stem cells -iPSCs).While a number of different terms are used to describe these structures, we have adopted the term 'SCBEM' recognising the value of consistency with other formal guidelines and frameworks.SCBEMs vary in their complexity and composition, the methods by which they are derived, and their uses in research.Given the pace of development, it is currently difficult to clearly define or categorise different types of SCBEM, both on a technical basis and according to what ethical or regulatory issues they may raise.