Hernioplastia inguinal abierta vs laparoscópica: una revisión bibliográfica: Open vs. laparoscopic inguinal hernioplasty: a literature review

Inguinal hernias are a common cause of surgical intervention. They occur when abdominal organs protrude through a weakened area in the inguinal canal. Contributing factors include congenital predisposition, aging, heavy lifting, chronic cough, and obesity. They are more frequent in men, and their incidenceincreases with age, presenting unilaterally or bilaterally. To update the management of inguinal hernias through a literature review, analyzing open and laparoscopic surgical techniques, their advancements, indications, advantages, complications, and clinical outcomes. Articles were reviewed from databases such as PubMed, Scielo, Google Scholar, and Springer Link, published between 2019 and 2024. A total of 27 relevant studies were selected out of 278 after applying inclusion criteria, focusing on inguinalhernias and their complications. An inguinal hernia is defined as the protrusion of organs through an abnormal opening in the abdominal wall, particularly in the inguinal region. It is more common in adult males (2%–5%) and has both congenital and acquired causes. Symptoms range from mild discomfort to severe complications. Diagnosis is based on clinical evaluation and imaging studies. Treatment includes open hernioplasty (such as the Lichtenstein technique) or laparoscopic repair, each with specific advantages and varying recurrence rates. Inguinal hernia is treatable but requires careful diagnosis and management. The choice between open and laparoscopic hernioplasty should be based on patient characteristics and the surgeon’s experience.