Hybrid Intelligence in Action: A Taxonomy of Human-AI Interaction

The combination of artificial intelligence (AI) with human intelligence can outperform the isolated capabilities of each of the two. This form of partnership is known as hybrid intelligence (HI). It emphasizes collaboration rather than substitution, creating systems in which human and AI agents contribute their distinct strengths to leverage synergies. Due to complexity and diversity of usage potentials, HI systems require a systematic approach to leverage synergies, which involves structuring interactions, balancing control, and understanding the cognitive, executive, and autonomous capabilities each agent can contribute. We developed a taxonomy spanning the critical dimensions and characteristics of HI. This taxonomy contributes to theory and practice providing a structured foundation to analyze existing HI systems and guide the design of future collaborative models that exploit human and AI co-creation.