Gender Differences in Continuous Improvements : Exploring Factory Workers’ Participation in EDI for Manufacturing Industries

This study explores how factory workers participate in continuous improvement (CI) efforts, with a particular focus on gender-based differences in participation. As the industrial sector shifts toward a more human-centered perspective, as a part of Industry 5.0, employee-driven innovation (EDI) is becoming increasingly important. Despite this, previous research on factory workers’ perspectives and experiences with CI remains limited, even though they are often closest to the processes and the potential for change. The study is based on a case study conducted at a Swedish industrial company and follows a mixed-methods approach. It combines quantitative analysis of 2,169 improvement suggestions with qualitative insights from eight semi-structured interviews. The findings identify several key factors influencing engagement in improvement work, including motivation, autonomy, expertise, team dynamics, organizational conditions, and time. At the case company, women make up approximately 25% of the workforce at the assembly line. Despite this, a chi-square analysis shows that women contribute a statistically significant greater number of improvement suggestions than men. The qualitative analysis reveals that women often display greater reflection, initiative, and a desire to contribute to a better work environment. At the same time, stereotypical gender norms, such as a pronounced "macho culture", appear to limit men's participation in certain types of improvement work, particularly those related to ergonomics and health. This study contributes to a deeper understanding of EDI on the factory floor and emphasizes the importance of fostering an inclusive work environment where diverse perspectives are encouraged. To further promote participation in improvement work, the study recommends clearly allocated time for improvement initiatives, a strong feedback culture, and above all a leadership approach that actively listens to factory workers.