Effectiveness of the Amplatzer™ vascular plug versus gelatin sponge particle instrument on transarterial embolization of renal tumors to improval surgical outcomes: literature review

Abstract The recommended first-line therapy to replace open surgery of renal tumors is endovascular management through percutaneous transcatheter embolization. The use of Amplatzer™ Vascular Plug (AVP) and Gelatin Sponge Particles (GSP) for endovascular procedures has been widely reported and many have reported successful. A literature search was conducted using the PubMed, Embase, and Science Direct databases published between 2014-2021. Keywords used for searches included renal cancer, transarterial embolization, Amplatzer Vascular Plug and Gelatin Sponge Particles. Several studies reported that AVP is more effective than GSP. AVP causes total occlusion compared to GSP, resulting in long-term incomplete recanalization. The clinical symptoms after using AVP agents are minimal compared to GSP. AVP has the ability to place agents in places of tortuous and difficult blood vessels while GSP is still difficult in this regard. The complications after using AVP are minimal compared to GSP which has high complications. In several case reports, the use of AVP is effective and safe on transarterial embolization procedure for renal tumors. AVP is very effective in use, especially in cases associated with peripheral renal artery structures. Using GSP requires a long time and also requires recanalization. To achieve partial recanalization and complete thrombus, 4 weeks post-embolization with GSP is required.