Effekten av musikterapi som en icke-farmakologisk smärtlindringsmetod vid postoperativ vård

Background: Postoperative pain is a common issue that can affect the patient's physical and psychological well-being and prolong recovery time. Despite the availability of both pharmacological and non-pharmacological pain relief methods, the under-treatment of postoperative pain remains a widespread problem. Music therapy has been highlighted as a potential non-pharmacological method to complement standard pain management and enhance patient well-being. Aim: The aim of this literature review was to examine the effect of music therapy as a non-pharmacological complement to pain relief in postoperative pain management. Method: A systematic literature review was conducted using PubMed and CINAHL with specific inclusion criteria, such as peer-reviewed quantitative studies in English. A total of 20 articles were included and assessed based on quality criteria för relevance and reliability. A narrative synthesis was used to analyze and categorize the result. Results: Music therapy demonstrated positive effects by reducing pain intensity, lowering anxiety levels, and improving sleep quality. Patients who listened to music postoperatively often had lower heart rates and blood pressure, as well as a reduced need for analgesic medication. Personalized music therapy also improved the patient's experience of care. Challenges in implementering music therapy were identified, such as a lack of knowledge and guidelines within healthcare settings. Conclusion: Music therapy is an effective and side-effect-free method to complement pharmacological pain management postoperatively. Integrating music into healthcare can reduce pain perception, lower anxiety level, and enhance recovery. Despite its positive effects further research is needed to evaluate long-term outcomes and develop clear guidelines for implementation in clinical practice.