“Don’t take a step back - behind is the morgue” : A qualitative interview study on Ukrainian soldiers’ religiosity during wartime

This study explores how the war in Ukraine affects soldiers' religiosity, focusing on changes in religious practices and the challenges war poses to faith. Through qualitative interviews and thematic analysis, four key themes emerged: wartime religiosity, institutional change, Norse mythology, and the theodicy problem. Findings show that war shapes soldiers’ religious engagement in diverse ways. Wartime religiosity often intensifies in moments of danger, serving as a coping mechanism rather than a shift in belief. Institutional change reflects broader socio-political shifts, as soldiers seek religious communities aligning with their values. The adoption of Norse mythology by some highlights the adaptability of religious identity in war, while struggles with theodicy lead to both strengthened faith and religious disillusionment. Contrary to the initial hypothesis—based on deprivation theory—religiosity does not universally increase; some soldiers find solace in faith, while others disengage. This highlights the need for a nuanced understanding of wartime religiosity, shaped by personal, cultural, and situational factors. Future research should examine the role of chaplaincy and religious institutions in addressing soldiers' struggles with theodicy and how faith evolves post-war, deepening our understanding of religion in contemporary conflict.