3D Visualization Method for Surface Defects of Underwater Structures Based on Acoustic and Optical Combination Measurement

Accurately grasping defect feature information on the surface of underwater structures provides a scientific basis for the health diagnosis and safety assessment of these structures. This study presents a three-dimensional visualization method for surface defects of underwater structures based on acousto-optic combination measurement, addressing the technical bottleneck of limited testing equipment size and the challenges of synchronized utilization and fusion of acousto-optic data in narrow underwater spaces. First, a quantitative characterization method that reflects typical feature parameters of defect targets is developed by capturing effective data using a combination of sound and light measurement technology. Then, a sound and light feature data matching method is proposed, comprehensively considering typical target features. Using defect features in a local single optical texture image as the search target enhances the matching degree of sound and light data, enriching the detail information in the global concatenated texture image. Finally, a three-dimensional visualization system for surface defects of underwater structures is developed by constructing a texture feature image enhancement algorithm, synchronously utilizing sound and light combination data. The results indicated that the combination of sound and light measurement technology improves the efficiency and accuracy of surface defect detection in underwater structures. The synchronous use of acoustic scanning data and optical texture information highlights the three-dimensional visualization features of surface defects in underwater structures. This study provides a novel technical method for the three-dimensional visualization and quantitative description of surface defects in underwater structures.