Critical Evaluation of Combined Cu and Fe3O4 Nanodots with Gum Arabic Nano-Hybrids Using in-vitro Model: Flow Cytometry and Cell Viability Studies

Sami G Almalki,1 Youssef O Al-Ghamdi,2 Faisal K Algethami,3 Walid M Daoush,3 Bahauddeen M Alrfaei,4,5 Maisa Alanazi,5 Yaser E Alqurashi,6 Mahjoub Jabli2,7 1Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Majmaah, 11952, Saudi Arabia; 2Department of Chemistry, College of Science Al-Zulfi, Majmaah University, Al-Majmaah, 11952, Saudi Arabia; 3Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh, 11623, Saudi Arabia; 4King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), Ministry of National Guard - Health Affairs (MNGHA), Riyadh, 11426, Saudi Arabia; 5King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, MNGHA, Riyadh, 11426, Saudi Arabia; 6Department of Biology, College of Science Al-zulfi, Majmaah University, Al-Majmaah, 11952, Saudi Arabia; 7Textile Materials and Processes Research Unit, Tunisia National Engineering School of Monastir, University of Monastir, Monastir, 5019, TunisiaCorrespondence: Walid M Daoush, Email [email protected]: Previous studies on synthesis and cytotoxicity effect of copper (Cu) and magnetite (Fe3O4) nanodots against kidney and lung cancer cells Lines.Purpose: Investigation of the effects of Cu and Fe3O4 nanodots on the reduction in viability of lung cancer (A549) and human embryonic kidney (HEK239T) cells lines.Methods: Cu and Fe3O4 nanodots/Gum Arabic (GA) hybrids were chemically synthesized, characterized, and assessed by MTT and flow cytometry for their cytotoxicity against A549 and HEK239T cells lines.Results: Novel hybrids of Cu and Fe3O4 nanodots were effectively synthesized by chemical deposition method in combination with GA stabilizing agent. The stabilized Cu and Fe3O4 nanodots by GA have median particle size of 4.7 nm and 7 nm respectively. Furthermore, the biological activities of Cu nanodots/ GA hybrids showed a strong reduction in viability for both A549 and HEK239T cells at 50 and 100 ng/μL, owing to their small size and high surface-area-to-volume ratio compared to Fe3O4 nanoparticles. Pre-apoptosis effect of the Cu nanodots/ GA hybrid on the treated A549 cells were 40% for 0.1 ng/μL, 91.4% for 1 ng/μL, 88% for 50 ng/ μL, and 87.7% for 100 ng/μL. However, in the treated human embryonic kidney (HEK293T) cells, the pre-apoptosis was found under different concentrations conditions of 89.9% for 0.1 ng/μL, 94.2% for 1 ng/μL, 76.2% for 50 ng/μL and 70.5% for 100 ng/μL. After treatment of both A549 and HEK293T cells with 100 ng/μL of Cu nanodots/GA hybrid, many cell deaths and reformed nanoparticles crystals were observed.Conclusion: Cu nanodots/GA hybrid strongly reduce the viability of both A549 and HEK239T cells at 50 and 100 ng/μL. However, Fe3O4 nanodots/GA hybrid did not show any significant effect.Keywords: Cu nanodots, Fe3O4 nanodots, Arabic gum, lung cancer, human embryonic kidney cells