A critical evaluation of the UN global governance system in decolonial conflicts : Spain’s evasion of accountability and the incomplete decolonisation of Western Sahara

Since Spain’s withdrawal in 1976, Western Sahara’s self-determination process has remained on hold while Morocco continues to occupy and claim sovereignty over it. Although a widely researched case, the thesis covers a literature gap by focusing on Spain’s responsibilities towards Western Sahara, and refutes the narrative that its role as administering power ended with the Madrid Accords. Drawing from decolonial theory and the right to self-determination, this qualitative study critically evaluates the United Nations’ suitability in addressing decolonial issues. The findings show that permanent members of the Security Council count on an institutional allowance to selectively apply and interpret international law in favour of their interests. In the Western Sahara case, this means protecting Morocco and the consolidation of its authority over the territory, which in turn provokes Spain's legal role and responsibilities to be disregarded. Some recommendations are drafted in favour of a veto reform and the end of the stalemate.