Comparative Analysis of Executive Dualism Between Mali and China.

In some countries, the executive branch of government is headed by a single person. In many other countries worldwide, such as Mali and China, it is under the direction of two people. This is known as executive dualism. In rare cases, such as the Swiss Federal Council, the executive is entrusted to a group of people. This article comprehensively analyzes the dual executive system, examining its current practice in Mali and China, two countries with distinct Constitutional histories and political regimes. This comparative study provides an in-depth analysis of the institutional organization, practical challenges, and prospects of executive dualism in Mali and China. Going beyond a mere empirical and doctrinal comparative analysis of collaboration between the Head of State and the Head of Government, the influence of this collaboration on the functioning of public services is examined. This article also proposes solutions for harmonious functioning between these two executive branch leaders. These include ways of clarifying roles and powers to avoid overlap. The adoption of a constitutional protocol on the actual modalities of this collaboration. The establishment of an independent arbitration body in the event of a misunderstanding between a Prime Minister and a Head of State. Keywords: Constitution – Head of State – Executive Dualism – Prime Minister – Mali – China. DOI: 10.7176/JLPG/149-01 Publication date: July 28th 2025