CAE-аналіз експлуатації зварної двотаврової колони з регульованим полем залишкових напружень у її перерізі

Columns are vertical elements that support the structures on them, perceive the loads and transfer them to the basement. Relatively long elements, the length of which is several times higher rather than its cross-section dimensions, lose their bearing capacity because of stability loss at the stresses that are significantly less than the yield strength of the steel itself. Critical stresses in such elements in each specific case are determined using the longitudinal bending coefficient. The underestimated values of longitudinal bending coefficients are used while calculating the stability of welded elements of solid sections.  Residual compressive welding stresses from the belt joints of welded I-beam H-section columns reduce their stability and load-bearing capacity if the residual stresses at the edges of the flanges exceed critical values. If the compressive stresses at the edges of the shelves are reduced by special technological or design means, so then the usual values ​​of the longitudinal bending coefficient can be used in the calculation, which can be an effective means of reducing the material consumption of the product. This paper establishes that the overall stability of compressed elements depends not so much on the magnitude of the welding compressive stresses as on how far from the axis to which the loss of stability is more likely the tensile stress zones are located. Using computer modeling of the stress-strain state that occurs during the operation of welded I-beam columns, the effectiveness of the application of the welding rollers on the edges of the shelves was established.  The latter provides for increasing the overall stability of the columns, which has been determined. The zones with tensile stresses are formed on the edges of the shelves after welding of the rollers, and their size will depend on the amount of direct energy during welding. The possibility of reducing the material consumption of columns has been established.