Семантичне наповнення лексеми «війна» в поемі Івана Огієнка «Туми»

The article analyzes the semantic content of the lexeme «war» in the poem «Tumy», its verbalization through the prism of symbolism. The lexeme «war» is one of the key ones in the linguistic space, especially in the context of socio-historical and cultural changes. Its semantics reflects the multifaceted perception of this concept in various communicative and stylistic situations. In the poem «Tumy» by Ivan Ohiienko, the lexeme «war» has a deep semantic content, which reveals not only horrors and suffering, but also indicates national ideals, the struggle for identity, and internal moral conflict. Through this lexeme, the author emphasizes the dramatic fate of the Ukrainian people in the conditions of historical disasters. The lexeme «war» in the poem «Tumy» has a multifaceted semantic content that reflects not only the physical reality of hostilities, but also their impact on the spiritual, emotional and cultural world of a person. War appears in the poem as a destructive force that brings death and devastation. The author often uses words with negative connotations associated with loss and pain. For Ohiienko, the war means a great personal and national tragedy. Through symbols (death, grave, tears) the poem conveys torn human destinies, the loss of loved ones. Ivan Ohiienko also interprets the war as a moment of testing for the nation, which must either become stronger or be destroyed. In the work, the war is depicted as a clash not only of armies, but also of values, good and evil. This is a moral dilemma, where the question of the justice of war and its expediency arises. The lexeme «war» in this aspect denotes the contradiction between the destructive nature of the struggle and its possible noble goals. The lexeme «war» is polysemantic and also often carries different connotations. Therefore, among the negatively connoted associates associated with the lexeme «war» in the poem «Tumy», we single out the following: enemy, blood, wound, captive. The associated color name «black» is closely connected with the war. At the semantic level, black represents something negative.