ПЕДАГОГІЧНІ РОЗВІДКИ ПРО ВОЛИНСЬКИХ ЧЕХІВ В УКРАЇНІ

The article analyzes the integration of national minorities, particularly the Volyn Czechs, into Ukrainian society. The authors describe the historical, cultural, and active pedagogical influence of the Czechs, who understood the importance of education for the development of any society and sought to create cultural and educational institutions in Ukraine in the 19th century. They faced certain difficulties in the development of school education, including language barriers, financial problems, outdated methods and forms of teaching, and especially the control of the Russian government. The article notes that public organizations such as the Czech Society named after J. A. Comenius and the Czech School Matica played an important role in supporting education among the Czechs. They established schools, provided financial support, and organized cultural and educational events. In the 1930s, the political situation in the USSR led to the closure of many national schools, including Czech ones, as part of a general policy of eliminating national minorities. Despite the difficulties, the Volyn Czechs managed to preserve their educational and cultural achievements through organizations and community initiatives, which contributed to the development of educational institutions even during the interwar period. One of the most notable examples of experimental educators was V. Příhoda. His main ideas included the creation of a unified school, differentiation, labor and production schools, introducing individualized learning, attention to collective upbringing, scientific management of school work, school self-government, and a respectful attitude towards children.