Міжнародно-правове регулювання протидії відмивання коштів та фінансування тероризму: проблеми та шляхи вирішення

The article examines the key issues of international legal regulation of combating money laundering and terrorist financing and the ways of implementing international standards in this area. The author analyses that over the past three decades, the EU has carried out a comprehensive review of its legal framework for combating money laundering and terrorist financing. It is proved that the establishment of the European Anti-Money Laundering Authority (AMLA) in 2024 can be interpreted as a paradigm shift in the EU’s counter-terrorism policy, which represents a transition to a more centralised and coordinated approach to combating the financing of terrorism. It is substantiated that this is a clear departure from previous EU practices in the field of countering terrorist financing by eliminating such key shortcomings as fragmentation of regulation, inconsistent supervision and ineffective information exchange. It is determined that, in fact, the creation of the AMLA underscores an ideological transformation in the EU’s understanding of terrorist financing as a transnational problem. The AMLA and the Unified Code are key instruments for improving the effectiveness of the fight against financial crime. At the same time, the implementation of the new rules requires a balance between security and human rights protection, especially in the area of personal data processing. The author analyses that the EU has developed a number of instruments to combat the financing of terrorism, which shape efforts to combat the financing of terrorism worldwide: the ‘smart sanctions’ model proposed by the UN Security Council and the anti-money laundering model proposed by the Financial Action Task Force (FATF) established by the Group of Seven (G-7). The conclusion emphasises that in the current process of Ukraine’s European integration into the EU, it is important for Ukraine to understand the relevance of monitoring financial activities and information exchange between public and private sector entities in order to effectively combat money laundering, and, especially, to strengthen coordination and harmonisation with the EU in order to eliminate gaps in law enforcement and unify European norms into the national legal system.