Transformación digital en la enseñanza de la Oleohidráulica y Neumática: Simulación y realidad aumentada para el aprendizaje activo

Oleohydraulics and pneumatics are fundamental areas in engineering and technology; however, digitalization processes show challenges such as the need for adequate infrastructure and technological resources, teacher training in simulation technologies and the integration of augmented reality in the curricula. Therefore, the present article aimed to analyze the impact of the use of advanced simulation software and augmented reality in the teaching of metallic and pneumatic circuits. The method implemented was action research design, which allowed the implementation and evaluation of the effectiveness of interactive virtual environments in a real context; to this extent, the use of simulation software was used for the practice of assembly and diagnosis of circuits without physical risks. The findings of the study determined that the use of Oleohydraulics and Pneumatics software improves the understanding of complex concepts, allows students to visualize flows and pressures, improves spatial understanding and the application of theories in reality; furthermore, these tools improve the quality of the teaching process and constitute didactic and interactive methodologies generating an automatic and practical learning in reality. It was then concluded that the use of simulators and augmented reality build active learning through which students can apply their knowledge and develop effective practices, digital literacy and critical thinking.