Unraveling Genetic Susceptibility: Targeting GR-RBP Genes to Combat Aflatoxin Contamination in Groundnut

Aflatoxins, toxic secondary metabolites produced by Aspergillus fungi, pose a major threat to groundnut by increasing susceptibility to infection and reducing quality. Despite extensive breeding efforts, achieving durable resistance in groundnut germplasm remains challenging. A promising approach involves targeting genes linked to susceptibility to Aspergillus infection. Glycine-rich RNA-binding protein (GR-RBP)-coding genes, known to influence plant hypersensitivity and susceptibility to A. flavus, have been well-studied in model plants, but their role in groundnut remains unclear. This study identified 23 Arachis hypogaea GR-RBP (Ah.GR-RBP) genes, and their chromosomal distribution, subcellular localization, and regulatory elements in putative promoter regions were analyzed. Expression analysis revealed that Ah.GR-RBP.1, Ah.GR-RBP.12, Ah.GR-RBP.3, and Ah.GR-RBP.15 was highly expressed in susceptible genotypes. Additionally, a gene-editing-based vector system was developed and validated using the PDS gene in groundnut. These identified Ah.GR-RBP genes will undergo further validation through knockout experiments using this vector system. This research provides valuable insights into potential candidate genes for precision breeding strategies aimed at reducing aflatoxin contamination in groundnut.