Training through pregnancy and postpartum in elite sports : A qualitative study of elite athletes, their coaches and independent expert practitioners

Knowledge regarding training during and after pregnancy in elite sports remains limited, with previous research primarily having gathered insights from athletes alone.This study aimed to explore and gain a deeper understanding of training practices during pregnancy and postpartum in elite sports, through the perspectives of elite female athletes, their coaches, and independent practitioners with specialized expertise in pregnancy and postpartum training.Eleven qualitative semi-structured interviews were conducted with three athletes, their coaches, and five expert practitioners, and analysed using reflexive thematic analysis.A thematic framework was developed with three main themes: (1) Training continuity during pregnancy, (2) Postpartum training akin to injury rehabilitation, and (3) Enhancing maternal health literacy.The findings showed that elite athletes maintained high training volumes and intensities during pregnancy.Pregnancy was seen as a strategic opportunity to develop physical capacities and strengthen foundations for postpartum return.Coaches and practitioners emphasized a gradual return to training based on individual recovery.Two athletes resumed competition within 3-6 months postpartum, with full recovery reported by nine months.One athlete regained endurance within six months, but restoration of strength, explosive capacities, and speed required additional time.The results highlight a need for further research focused on training practices during pregnancy and postpartum in elite sports.Future studies should develop sport-specific guidelines across a broader range of athletic disciplines, particularly regarding high-intensity and heavy resistance training, as this is essential for optimizing support for elite female athletes.Knowledge gained in elite sports could ultimately benefit the broader pregnant population.