Taponamiento Cardiaco en el Contexto de las Enfermedades Autoinmunes. Una Revisión de la Literatura

Autoimmune diseases, caused by the immune system's response against the body's own tissues, have increased in prevalence in recent years, especially in women, and are influenced by genetic and environmental factors. These diseases can lead to severe complications, such as cardiovascular disorders, among which cardiac tamponade stands out as an uncommon but fatal condition. This literature review analyzed the relationship between autoimmune diseases and cardiac tamponade. Using the PICO methodology, information was gathered from scientific databases such as PubMed and Scielo, selecting studies published between 2020 and 2024. The results demonstrate that autoimmune diseases, particularly systemic lupus erythematosus, trigger inflammatory processes affecting the pericardium, increasing the risk of pericardial effusion and, to a lesser extent, cardiac tamponade. The accumulation of fluid in the pericardium restricts cardiac function, compromising the perfusion of vital organs and potentially leading to multiorgan failure. Although cardiac tamponade in autoimmune diseases is an infrequent complication, early diagnosis and appropriate management are crucial to prevent severe outcomes. Continued research on the etiopathogenesis of this phenomenon is essential to improve its diagnosis and treatment.