Social and environmental impacts of Tibetan displacement and China's minority policy in Tibet

Since annexation in 1950, Tibet has been an important part of China’s geostrategic outlook and an important source for China’s energy security and hydro-hegemony. Numerous dams have been constructed across the plateau, with more planned, including the “monster” Medog Hydropower Station. There is also extensive mining across the plateau, and it is a water source for China’s expanding bottled water industry. These developments have significantly impacted the lives of Tibetans and the region’s natural environment. Tibetans have been displaced to make way for Beijing’s high-modernist development approach, which privileges modernization and industrialization over indigenous rights and environmental protection, and Beijing has adopted a heavy-handed approach towards the region. Combined, these factors have increased human insecurity across Tibet with Tibetans facing considerable social and environmental impacts stemming from Beijing’s actions.