Planting Beyond Borders: Biodiversity Insights from Non-Native Black Pine Forests

As global tree-planting campaigns gain momentum, understanding the ecological outcomes of afforestation—especially with non-native tree species—is increasingly urgent [2,3]. A recent continental-scale study by Bricca et al. [4] investigates this issue through the lens of Pinus nigra (European black pine) forests, comparing biodiversity in stands located within and beyond the species’ native Mediterranean range.