Navigating Gender Dynamics and Identity Formation in Online Mutual Support Communities: Insights from Participant Experiences

The COVID-19 pandemic has driven individuals to seek support through online mutual support groups, which provide spaces for knowledge exchange, social support, and crisis management. While these groups are known to benefit mental health, little is understood about how gender shapes interactions and identity formation within them. This study explores gender dynamics, communication styles, and identity formation in online support groups during the pandemic, focusing on their role in challenging traditional gender norms and fostering inclusivity. Two focus groups and three semi-structured interviews were conducted with 13 Chinese adults (9 female, 4 male) aged 24 to 38 in the U.S. and Canada, all with graduate degrees. Participants, recruited via flyers and the author’s network, shared their experiences using an online support group from spring 2022 to spring 2023. Data were analyzed thematically using Atlas.ti. Findings reveal female participants emphasized solidarity, empowerment, and addressing gender roles, often uniting against issues like sexual harassment. Male participants showed varying support for gender equality, with some hesitant to engage in emotionally charged discussions. The study highlights the potential of online groups to promote gender equality and solidarity during crises, offering insights for inclusive support spaces.