Navigating Global Family Diversity: Theory, Research, and Implications for Policy – A Narrative Review

Introduction: Families, as foundational social institutions, are undergoing significant transformations worldwide. Understanding these shifts is critical for researchers and policymakers seeking to support family well-being. Aims: This study examines global family trends across marriage, cohabi-tation, divorce, parent-child relationships, and kinship patterns. It integrates theoretical perspectives with empirical data to assess both converging and diverging family dynamics. Methods: We conducted a narrative review of peer-reviewed studies in multiple languages, utilizing translation tools where necessary. Studies were selected based on thematic relevance and geographic representation, focusing on research published since 2010 while allowing flexibility in underrepresented regions. Results: Findings indicate that while family transformations are driven by modernization, economic development, and shifting gender norms, cultural and religious factors ensure distinct regional family patterns. Conclusions: Family structures continue to evolve in response to global and local influences. Policies supporting family stability, social cohesion, and mental well-being are essential for sustaining strong family systems. Future research should further explore the role of policy in mediating family tran-sitions across diverse cultural contexts.