No More Prisoners of the Fourth Floor: Transforming Poland's Prefabs for Aging in Place

In Poland, 30% of cities’ housing supply consists of prefabricated panel blocks, many built between the 1950s and 1980s without elevators. Now these buildings are estimated to last another 60-80 years - yet their design produces architectural barriers, causing serious problems for people with mobility issues. This group is referred to as “prisoners of the fourth floor,” unable to leave their apartments on their own. As Poland faces rapid demographic aging, providing accessible housing is a critical issue. This project proposes a modular rooftop extension with elevators for 4-5 storey prefab blocks, enabling seniors to remain in their neighborhoods while living independently in age-adapted apartments. The model site in Warsaw’s Ursynów district demonstrates what is predictably the most socially supported and minimally disruptive solution: prefabricated 3D modules, elevator shafts, and typologies tailored to different financial needs. Design interventions draw from the colors, forms, and cultural references of the original buildings and previous social eras to ensure continuity and identity. Beyond architecture, the project offers a replicable strategy that strengthens community ties and supports aging in place - responding to a national need with dignity, pragmatism, and care.